Envelope follower: takes an audio signal input then synthesizes/reconstructs/follows the audio signal and attempts to produce an envelope which corresponds to the audio signal's amplitude. Then envelope follower is always continually processing it's input and tracking it's changes.
How do envelope followers work?
All you need is a full-wave rectifier (FWR) and a slew limiter. The FWR gives you a positive-voltage-only version of your audio signal, and the slew turns the fast motion of the audio into a smooth, useful signal. Adjust the rise and fall times on your slew until you get something you like out of it and there you go!
What is envelope signal?
As an imaginary curve, the envelopes of a signal are the boundary within which the signal is contained. Envelopes contain some information of signals, though it is an imaginary curve, for example, demodulating amplitude modulated (AM) signals by them.