Aside from gloves or fingertip gizmos, there are two other options: Slide guitar and lap steel. Using a slide won't stop you from developing calluses, but it will mean you develop lighter calluses. However, this limits what you can play. You could also switch to lap steel guitar.
Are calluses from guitar bad?
Calluses that have developed from playing the guitar are not bad. In fact, calluses are an asset for guitarists. However, the process itself for developing calluses can bring soreness, and discomfort to the fingers.
How do I toughen my fingers for guitar?
Simply soak a cotton swab in rubbing alcohol 3-4 times a day, and rub it over your fingertips. Another liquid mixture that some guitar players use to harden their skin is salt water. The key with salt water solution is adding the right amount of salt.