We call the pitch distance between two notes the interval between them. You can learn to recognise these different distances by ear, which is called “learning intervals” or “learning interval recognition”. An interval is the distance in pitch between two musical notes.
How long does it take to learn musical intervals?
If you want to learn how to identify intervals and scales in music, it could take anywhere from 4-8 months because there are a lot of different intervals to practice (learn about intervals here in this music theory lesson).
How do you do intervals in music?
To find the interval between 2 notes just find the pitch of the lowest note and start counting until you reach the top note. When counting intervals you always start from the bottom note and count both notes. E.g., to find the interval between C and G, begin on C and count up the scale until you reach G.